certspotter/identifiers.go

// Copyright (C) 2016 Opsmate, Inc.
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla
// Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed
// with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
//
// This software is distributed WITHOUT A WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.
// See the Mozilla Public License for details.

package certspotter

import (
	"bytes"
	"strings"
	"net"
	"unicode/utf8"
	"golang.org/x/net/idna"
)

const UnparsableDNSLabelPlaceholder = "<unparsable>"

/*
const (
	IdentifierSourceSubjectCN = iota
	IdentifierSourceDNSName
	IdentifierSourceIPAddr
)
type IdentifierSource int

type UnknownIdentifier struct {
	Source			IdentifierSource
	Value			[]byte
}
*/

type Identifiers struct {
	DNSNames		[]string	// stored as ASCII, with IDNs in Punycode
	IPAddrs			[]net.IP
	//Unknowns		[]UnknownIdentifier
}

func NewIdentifiers () *Identifiers {
	return &Identifiers{
		DNSNames:	[]string{},
		IPAddrs:	[]net.IP{},
		//Unknowns:	[]UnknownIdentifier{},
	}
}

func parseIPAddrString (str string) net.IP {
	return net.ParseIP(str)
}

func isASCIIString (value []byte) bool {
	for _, b := range value {
		if b > 127 {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}
func isUTF8String (value []byte) bool {
	return utf8.Valid(value)
}
func latin1ToUTF8 (value []byte) string {
	runes := make([]rune, len(value))
	for i, b := range value {
		runes[i] = rune(b)
	}
	return string(runes)
}

// Make sure the DNS label doesn't have any weird characters that
// could cause trouble during later processing.
func isSaneDNSLabelChar (ch rune) bool {
	return ch == '\t' || (ch >= 32 && ch <= 126)
}
func isSaneDNSLabel (label string) bool {
	for _, ch := range label {
		if !isSaneDNSLabelChar(ch) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func trimHttpPrefixString (value string) string {
	if strings.HasPrefix(value, "http://") {
		return value[7:]
	} else if strings.HasPrefix(value, "https://") {
		return value[8:]
	} else {
		return value
	}
}

func trimHttpPrefixBytes (value []byte) []byte {
	if bytes.HasPrefix(value, []byte("http://")) {
		return value[7:]
	} else if bytes.HasPrefix(value, []byte("https://")) {
		return value[8:]
	} else {
		return value
	}
}

func trimTrailingDots (value string) string {
	length := len(value)
	for length > 0 && value[length - 1] == '.' {
		length--
	}
	return value[0:length]
}

// Try to canonicalize/sanitize the DNS name:
//  1. Trim leading and trailing whitespace
//  2. Trim trailing dots
//  3. Convert to lower case
//  4. Replace totally nonsensical labels (e.g. having non-printable characters) with a placeholder
func sanitizeDNSName (value string) string {
	value = strings.ToLower(trimTrailingDots(strings.TrimSpace(value)))
	labels := strings.Split(value, ".")
	for i, label := range labels {
		if !isSaneDNSLabel(label) {
			labels[i] = UnparsableDNSLabelPlaceholder
		}
	}
	return strings.Join(labels, ".")
}

// Like sanitizeDNSName, but labels that are Unicode are converted to Punycode.
func sanitizeUnicodeDNSName (value string) string {
	value = strings.ToLower(trimTrailingDots(strings.TrimSpace(value)))
	labels := strings.Split(value, ".")
	for i, label := range labels {
		if asciiLabel, err := idna.ToASCII(label); err == nil && isSaneDNSLabel(asciiLabel) {
			labels[i] = asciiLabel
		} else {
			labels[i] = UnparsableDNSLabelPlaceholder
		}
	}
	return strings.Join(labels, ".")
}

func (ids *Identifiers) addDnsSANfinal (value []byte) {
	if ipaddr := parseIPAddrString(string(value)); ipaddr != nil {
		// Stupid CAs put IP addresses in DNS SANs because stupid Microsoft
		// used to not support IP address SANs.  Since there's no way for an IP
		// address to also be a valid DNS name, just treat it like an IP address
		// and not try to process it as a DNS name.
		ids.IPAddrs = append(ids.IPAddrs, ipaddr)
	} else if isASCIIString(value) {
		ids.DNSNames = append(ids.DNSNames, sanitizeDNSName(string(value)))
	} else {
		// DNS SANs are supposed to be IA5Strings (i.e. ASCII) but CAs can't follow
		// simple rules.  Unfortunately, we have no idea what the encoding really is
		// in this case, so interpret it as both UTF-8 (if it's valid UTF-8)
		// and Latin-1.
		if isUTF8String(value) {
			ids.DNSNames = append(ids.DNSNames, sanitizeUnicodeDNSName(string(value)))
		}
		ids.DNSNames = append(ids.DNSNames, sanitizeUnicodeDNSName(latin1ToUTF8(value)))
	}
}

func (ids *Identifiers) addDnsSANnonull (value []byte) {
	if slashIndex := bytes.IndexByte(value, '/'); slashIndex != -1 {
		// If the value contains a slash, then this might be a URL,
		// so process the part of the value up to the first slash,
		// which should be the domain.  Even though no client should
		// ever successfully validate such a DNS name, the domain owner
		// might still want to know about it.
		ids.addDnsSANfinal(value[0:slashIndex])
	}
	ids.addDnsSANfinal(value)
}

func (ids *Identifiers) AddDnsSAN (value []byte) {
	// Trim http:// and https:// prefixes, which are all too common in the wild,
	// so http://example.com becomes just example.com.  Even though clients
	// should never successfully validate a DNS name like http://example.com,
	// the owner of example.com might still want to know about it.
	value = trimHttpPrefixBytes(value)

	if nullIndex := bytes.IndexByte(value, 0); nullIndex != -1 {
		// If the value contains a null byte, process the part of
		// the value up to the first null byte in addition to the
		// complete value, in case this certificate is an attempt to
		// fake out validators that only compare up to the first null.
		ids.addDnsSANnonull(value[0:nullIndex])
	}
	ids.addDnsSANnonull(value)
}

func (ids *Identifiers) addCNfinal (value string) {
	if ipaddr := parseIPAddrString(value); ipaddr != nil {
		ids.IPAddrs = append(ids.IPAddrs, ipaddr)
	} else if !strings.ContainsRune(value, ' ') {
		// If the CN contains a space it's clearly not a DNS name, so ignore it.
		ids.DNSNames = append(ids.DNSNames, sanitizeUnicodeDNSName(value))
	}
}

func (ids *Identifiers) addCNnonull (value string) {
	if slashIndex := strings.IndexRune(value, '/'); slashIndex != -1 {
		// If the value contains a slash, then this might be a URL,
		// so process the part of the value up to the first slash,
		// which should be the domain.  Even though no client should
		// ever successfully validate such a DNS name, the domain owner
		// might still want to know about it.
		ids.addCNfinal(value[0:slashIndex])
	}
	ids.addCNfinal(value)
}

func (ids *Identifiers) AddCN (value string) {
	// Trim http:// and https:// prefixes, which are all too common in the wild,
	// so http://example.com becomes just example.com.  Even though clients
	// should never successfully validate a DNS name like http://example.com,
	// the owner of example.com might still want to know about it.
	value = trimHttpPrefixString(value)

	if nullIndex := strings.IndexRune(value, 0); nullIndex != -1 {
		// If the value contains a null byte, process the part of
		// the value up to the first null byte in addition to the
		// complete value, in case this certificate is an attempt to
		// fake out validators that only compare up to the first null.
		ids.addCNnonull(value[0:nullIndex])
	}
	ids.addCNnonull(value)
}

func (ids *Identifiers) AddIPAddress (value net.IP) {
	ids.IPAddrs = append(ids.IPAddrs, value)
}

func (ids *Identifiers) dnsNamesString (sep string) string {
	return strings.Join(ids.DNSNames, sep)
}

func (ids *Identifiers) ipAddrsString (sep string) string {
	str := ""
	for _, ipAddr := range ids.IPAddrs {
		if str != "" {
			str += sep
		}
		str += ipAddr.String()
	}
	return str
}

func (cert *CertInfo) ParseIdentifiers () (*Identifiers, error) {
	ids := NewIdentifiers()

	if cert.SubjectParseError != nil {
		return nil, cert.SubjectParseError
	}
	cns, err := cert.Subject.ParseCNs()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, cn := range cns {
		ids.AddCN(cn)
	}

	if cert.SANsParseError != nil {
		return nil, cert.SANsParseError
	}
	for _, san := range cert.SANs {
		switch san.Type {
		case sanDNSName:
			ids.AddDnsSAN(san.Value)
		case sanIPAddress:
			if len(san.Value) == 4 || len(san.Value) == 16 {
				ids.AddIPAddress(net.IP(san.Value))
			}
			// TODO: decide what to do with IP addresses with an invalid length.
			// The two encoding errors I've observed in CT logs are:
			//  1. encoding the IP address as a string
			//  2. a value of 0x00000000FFFFFF00 (WTF?)
			// IP addresses aren't a high priority so just ignore invalid ones for now.
			// Hopefully no clients out there are dumb enough to process IP address
			// SANs encoded as strings...
		}
	}

	return ids, nil
}