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README
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README
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Cert Spotter is a Certificate Transparency log monitor from SSLMate that
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alerts you when a SSL/TLS certificate is issued for one of your domains.
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Cert Spotter is easier than other open source CT monitors, since it does
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not require a database. It's also more robust, since it uses a special
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certificate parser that ensures it won't miss certificates.
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Cert Spotter is also available as a hosted service by SSLMate that
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requires zero setup and provides an easy web dashboard to centrally
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manage your certificates. Visit <https://sslmate.com/certspotter>
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to sign up.
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You can use Cert Spotter to detect:
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* Certificates issued to attackers who have compromised your DNS and
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are redirecting your visitors to their malicious site.
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* Certificates issued to attackers who have taken over an abandoned
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sub-domain in order to serve malware under your name.
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* Certificates issued to attackers who have compromised a certificate
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authority and want to impersonate your site.
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* Certificates issued in violation of your corporate policy
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or outside of your centralized certificate procurement process.
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USING CERT SPOTTER
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The easiest way to use Cert Spotter is to sign up for an account at
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<https://sslmate.com/certspotter>. If you want to run Cert Spotter on
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your own server, follow these instructions.
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Cert Spotter requires Go version 1.17 or higher.
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1. Install Cert Spotter using the `go` command:
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go install software.sslmate.com/src/certspotter/cmd/certspotter@latest
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2. Create a file called ~/.certspotter/watchlist listing the DNS names
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you want to monitor, one per line. To monitor an entire domain tree
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(including the domain itself and all sub-domains) prefix the domain
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name with a dot (e.g. ".example.com"). To monitor a single DNS name
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only, do not prefix the name with a dot.
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3. Create a cron job to periodically run `certspotter`. See below for
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command line options.
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Every time you run Cert Spotter, it scans all browser-recognized
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Certificate Transparency logs for certificates matching domains on
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your watch list. When Cert Spotter detects a matching certificate, it
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writes a report to standard out, which the Cron daemon emails to you.
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Make sure you are able to receive emails sent by Cron.
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Cert Spotter also saves a copy of matching certificates in
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~/.certspotter/certs (unless you specify the -no_save option).
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When Cert Spotter has previously monitored a log, it scans the log
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from the previous position, to avoid downloading the same log entry
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more than once. (To override this behavior and scan all logs from the
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beginning, specify the -all_time option.)
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When Cert Spotter has not previously monitored a log, it can either start
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monitoring the log from the beginning, or seek to the end of the log and
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start monitoring from there. Monitoring from the beginning guarantees
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detection of all certificates, but requires downloading hundreds of
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millions of certificates, which takes days. The default behavior is to
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monitor from the beginning. To start monitoring new logs from the end,
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specify the -start_at_end option.
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You can add and remove domains on your watchlist at any time. However,
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the certspotter command only notifies you of certificates that were
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logged since adding a domain to the watchlist, unless you specify the
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-all_time option, which requires scanning the entirety of every log
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and takes many days to complete with a fast Internet connection.
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To examine preexisting certificates, it's better to use the Cert
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Spotter service <https://sslmate.com/certspotter>, the Cert Spotter
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API <https://sslmate.com/certspotter/api>, or a CT search engine such
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as <https://crt.sh>.
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COMMAND LINE FLAGS
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-watchlist FILENAME
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File containing identifiers to watch, one per line, as described
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above (use - to read from stdin). Default: ~/.certspotter/watchlist
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-no_save
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Do not save a copy of matching certificates.
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-start_at_end
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Start monitoring logs from the end, rather than the beginning.
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This significantly reduces the time to run Cert Spotter, but
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you will miss certificates that were added to a log before Cert
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Spotter started monitoring it.
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-all_time
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Scan for certificates from all time, not just those logged since
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the previous run of Cert Spotter.
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-logs FILENAME_OR_URL
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Filename of HTTPS URL of a JSON file containing logs to monitor, in the format
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documented at <https://www.certificate-transparency.org/known-logs>.
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Default: https://loglist.certspotter.org/monitor.json which includes the union
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of active logs recognized by Chrome and Apple.
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-state_dir PATH
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Directory for storing state. Default: ~/.certspotter
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-verbose
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Be verbose.
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WHAT CERTIFICATES ARE DETECTED BY CERT SPOTTER?
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Any certificate that is logged to a Certificate Transparency log trusted
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by Chromium will be detected by Cert Spotter. All certificates issued
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after April 30, 2018 must be logged to such a log to be trusted by Chromium.
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Generally, certificate authorities will automatically submit certificates
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to logs so that they will work in Chromium. In addition, certificates
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that are discovered during Internet-wide scans are submitted to Certificate
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Transparency logs.
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SECURITY
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Cert Spotter assumes an adversarial model in which an attacker produces
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a certificate that is accepted by at least some clients but goes
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undetected because of an encoding error that prevents CT monitors from
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understanding it. To defend against this attack, Cert Spotter uses a
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special certificate parser that keeps the certificate unparsed except
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for the identifiers. If one of the identifiers matches a domain on your
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watchlist, you will be notified, even if other parts of the certificate
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are unparsable.
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Cert Spotter takes special precautions to ensure identifiers are parsed
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correctly, and implements defenses against identifier-based attacks.
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For instance, if a DNS identifier contains a null byte, Cert Spotter
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interprets it as two identifiers: the complete identifier, and the
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identifier formed by truncating at the first null byte. For example, a
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certificate for example.org\0.example.com will alert the owners of both
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example.org and example.com. This defends against null prefix attacks
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<http://www.thoughtcrime.org/papers/null-prefix-attacks.pdf>.
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SSLMate continuously monitors CT logs to make sure every certificate's
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identifiers can be successfully parsed, and will release updates to
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Cert Spotter as necessary to fix parsing failures.
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Cert Spotter understands wildcard and redacted DNS names, and will alert
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you if a wildcard or redacted certificate might match an identifier on
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your watchlist. For example, a watchlist entry for sub.example.com would
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match certificates for *.example.com or ?.example.com.
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Cert Spotter is not just a log monitor, but also a log auditor which
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checks that the log is obeying its append-only property. A future
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release of Cert Spotter will support gossiping with other log monitors
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to ensure the log is presenting a single view.
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111
README.md
Normal file
111
README.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
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# Cert Spotter - Certificate Transparency Monitor
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**Cert Spotter** is a Certificate Transparency log monitor from SSLMate that
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alerts you when a SSL/TLS certificate is issued for one of your domains.
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Cert Spotter is easier to use than other open source CT monitors, since it does not require
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a database. It's also more robust, since it uses a special certificate parser
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that ensures it won't miss certificates.
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Cert Spotter is also available as a hosted service by SSLMate that
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requires zero setup and provides an easy web dashboard to centrally
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manage your certificates. Visit <https://sslmate.com/certspotter>
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to sign up.
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You can use Cert Spotter to detect:
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* Certificates issued to attackers who have compromised your DNS and
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are redirecting your visitors to their malicious site.
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* Certificates issued to attackers who have taken over an abandoned
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sub-domain in order to serve malware under your name.
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* Certificates issued to attackers who have compromised a certificate
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authority and want to impersonate your site.
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* Certificates issued in violation of your corporate policy
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or outside of your centralized certificate procurement process.
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## Quickstart
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Cert Spotter requires Go version 1.19 or higher.
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1. Install the certspotter command using the `go` command:
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```
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go install software.sslmate.com/src/certspotter/cmd/certspotter@latest
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```
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2. Create a watch list file containing the DNS names you want to monitor,
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one per line. To monitor an entire domain tree (including the domain itself
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and all sub-domains) prefix the domain name with a dot (e.g. `.example.com`).
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To monitor a single DNS name only, do not prefix the name with a dot.
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3. Configure your system to run `certspotter` as a daemon. You should specify
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the following command line options:
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* `-watchlist PATH` to specify the path to your watch list file.
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* `-email ADDRESS` to specify an email address which certspotter will contact
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when it detects a domain on your watch list. (Your system must have a
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working sendmail command.)
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* (Optional) `-start_at_end` to tell certspotter to start monitoring logs at the end
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instead of the beginning. This saves significant bandwidth, but you won't be
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notified about certificates which were logged before you started using certspotter.
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For example:
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```
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certspotter -watchlist /etc/certspotter.watchlist -email pki@certspotteruser.example -start_at_end
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```
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## Documentation
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* Command line options and operational details: [certspotter(8) man page](man/certspotter.md)
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* The `-script` interface: [certspotter-script(8) man page](man/certspotter-script.md)
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* [Change Log](CHANGELOG.md)
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## What certificates are detected by Cert Spotter?
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In the default configuration, any certificate that is logged to a Certificate
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Transparency log recognized by Google Chrome or Apple will be detected by
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Cert Spotter. By default, Google Chrome and Apple only accept certificates that
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are logged, so any certificate that works in Chrome or Safari will be detected
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by Cert Spotter.
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## Security
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Cert Spotter assumes an adversarial model in which an attacker produces
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a certificate that is accepted by at least some clients but goes
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undetected because of an encoding error that prevents CT monitors from
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understanding it. To defend against this attack, Cert Spotter uses a
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special certificate parser that keeps the certificate unparsed except
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for the identifiers. If one of the identifiers matches a domain on your
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watchlist, you will be notified, even if other parts of the certificate
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are unparsable.
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Cert Spotter takes special precautions to ensure identifiers are parsed
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correctly, and implements defenses against identifier-based attacks.
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For instance, if a DNS identifier contains a null byte, Cert Spotter
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interprets it as two identifiers: the complete identifier, and the
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identifier formed by truncating at the first null byte. For example, a
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certificate for `example.org\0.example.com` will alert the owners of both
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`example.org` and `example.com`. This defends against [null prefix attacks]
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(http://www.thoughtcrime.org/papers/null-prefix-attacks.pdf).
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SSLMate continuously monitors CT logs to make sure every certificate's
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identifiers can be successfully parsed, and will release updates to
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Cert Spotter as necessary to fix parsing failures.
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Cert Spotter understands wildcard DNS names, and will alert
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you if a wildcard certificate might match an identifier on
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your watchlist. For example, a watchlist entry for `sub.example.com` would
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match certificates for `*.example.com`.
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Cert Spotter is not just a log monitor, but also a log auditor which
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checks that the log is obeying its append-only property. A future
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release of Cert Spotter will support gossiping with other log monitors
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to ensure the log is presenting a single view.
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## Copyright
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Copyright © 2016-2023 Opsmate, Inc.
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Licensed under the [Mozilla Public License Version 2.0](LICENSE).
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